Elastic Energy Stores in Running Vertebrates
Kinetic and potential energy, lost at one stage of a stride, is stored temporarily as elastic strain energy and returned later in an elastic recoil. At high speeds, men and kangaroos
Elastic energy storage and the efficiency of movement
We examine evidence for elastic energy storage and associated changes in the efficiency of movement across vertebrates and invertebrates, and hence across
How Do Cells Dispose of Toxic Substances and Fats in the Human
The cell organelles known as "peroxisomes" dispose toxic substances and fats in the human body, among other things, and, in doing so, they prevent serious illnesses. The "Pex" group of proteins (peroxisomes biogenesis factors) keep these "detox units" functioning properly – and a team of researchers at Münster University headed
Viscoelasticity, Energy Storage and Transmission and Dissipation
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of vertebrates is an important biological mechanotransducer that prevents premature mechanical failure of tissues and stores and transmits energy
Viscoelasticity, Energy Storage and Transmission and
In most ECMs, energy storage is believed to involve elastic stretching of collagen triple helices found in the cross-linked collagen fibrils comprising vertebrate connective tissues, and energy dissipation is believed to involve sliding of such collagen fibrils by each other during tissue deformation. Alexander R M (1984) Elastic energy
Chapter6 Viscoelasticity, Energy Storage and Transmission and Dissipation by Extracellular Matrices in Vertebrates
6 Energy Storage, Transmission and Dissipation by ECM 135 The ability to store and transmit energy in ECM in musculoskeletal tissues is related to the rod-like structure of the fibrous collagens (types I, II and III) that form cross-linked networks in these tissues
A role for glia in cellular and systemic metabolism: insights
Here, we review recent advances showing that fly glia, similar to their role in vertebrates, fuel neurons in times of high energetic demand, such as during memory formation and long-term storage. Vertebrate glia also play a role in the modulation of neurons, their communication, and behavior, including food search and feeding.
Energy Cycle in Vertebrates
Vertebrates store, mobilize, transport, and use their metabolic fuel reserves to produce ATP, the universal energy currency of all living cells. Depending on
A novel N-terminal domain may dictate the glucose response
The balance between glucose utilization and storage is integral for proper energy homeostasis, and defects are associated with several diseases, e.g. type II diabetes. In vertebrates, the transcription factor ChREBP is a major component in glucose metabolism, while its ortholog MondoA is involved in glucose uptake.
The liver: Structure, function, and disease
All vertebrates, from fish to humans, have the ability to regrow the liver. The liver is the only visceral organ that can regenerate. It can regenerate completely, as long as a minimum of about 25
Molecular Basis for Vitamin A Uptake and Storage in Vertebrates
In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding absorption, storage, and mobilization of vitamin A with special emphasis on new insights for molecular mechanisms of vitamin A esterification gained through advances of structural biology. 2. Overview of the Retinoid Absorption, Storage, and Transport to the Peripheral Tissues.
Protein
A protein is a polyamide. Secondary structure: regularly repeating local structures stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The most common examples are the α-helix, β-sheet and turns. Because secondary structures are local, many regions of different secondary structure can be present in the same protein molecule.
bio chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet
6 · T OR F: glycolysis will yield a net of 2 ATP only during aerobic respiration. false: it produces 2 pyruvate and 1 NADH. T OR F: glycolysis produces 1 pyruvate and 3 NADH coenzymes. true. T OR F: glycolysis is a catabolic process. false; its the final electron accepter in the ETC and is located in the cristae.
Influence of altered gravity on brain cellular energy and plasma
Biochemical analyses of the brain of cichlid fish larvae, exposed for 7 days to increased acceleration of 3g (hyper-g), revealed an increase in energy availability (succinate dehydrogenase activity, SDH), and in mitochondrial energy transformation (creatine kinase, Mia-CK), but no changes in an ener
Connective Tissue – Boundless Anatomy and Physiology
Connective tissue is incredibly diverse and contributes to energy storage, the protection of organs, and the body''s structural integrity. Ground substance is a clear, colorless, viscous fluid that fills the space between the cells and fibers. In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in a liquid called blood plasma.
These 4 energy storage technologies are key to climate efforts
4 · 3. Thermal energy storage. Thermal energy storage is used particularly in buildings and industrial processes. It involves storing excess energy – typically surplus energy from renewable sources, or waste heat – to be used later for heating, cooling or power generation. Liquids – such as water – or solid material - such as sand or rocks
Contribution of elastic tissues to the mechanics and energetics of
Elastic energy storage and recovery in tendons during running may provide several benefits beyond the reduction of muscle work. The long slender tendons of distal
How lipid droplets "TAG" along: Glycerolipid synthetic enzymes and lipid storage
Abstract. Triacylglycerols (TAG) serve as the predominant form of energy storage in mammalian cells, and TAG synthesis influences conditions such as obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance. In most tissues, the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway enzymes are responsible for TAG synthesis, and the regulation and function of these enzymes is
The Future of Energy Storage | MIT Energy Initiative
Video. MITEI''s three-year Future of Energy Storage study explored the role that energy storage can play in fighting climate change and in the global adoption of clean energy grids. Replacing fossil fuel-based power generation with power generation from wind and solar resources is a key strategy for decarbonizing electricity.
Energy storage systems based on endoskeleton
The new energy storage technology proposed here includes an endoskeleton architecture similar to vertebrates, which (1) provides flexibility for future mobile/human integrated electrics, (2) ensures the
Uncertainty processing in bees exposed to free choices: Lessons from vertebrates
Bees tend to avoid or to show indifference to uncertain ("risky") relative to certain ("safe") food rewards, whether in nectar volume or in nectar concentration. The unattractiveness of uncertain food rewards is also sometimes independent of the energy budget of bees. This pattern of responses seems to differ from that observed in
Seasonal Trends in Energy Contents of Storage Substances in
Seasonal Trends in Energy Contents of Storage Substances in Evergreen Gymnosperms Growing Under Mild Climatic Conditions in Central Europe Dr H. Distelbarth, Prof. Dr. U. Kull, K. Jeremias, 1. Biologisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Ulmer Straße 227, D-7000 Stuttgart 60.
(PDF) TiO2-V2O5 Nanocomposites as Alternative Energy Storage Substances
TiO2–V2O5 was prepared and evaluated as an energy storage material for photocatalysts with high capacity and initial charging rate. The compound was successfully obtained by sol–gel technique
Energy Cycle in Vertebrates
Abstract. Vertebrates store, mobilize, transport, and use their metabolic fuel reserves to produce ATP, the universal energy currency of all living cells. Depending on the amount of ATP required
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Molecular Basis for Vitamin A Uptake and Storage in Vertebrates
The ability to store and distribute vitamin A inside the body is the main evolutionary adaptation that allows vertebrates to maintain retinoid functions during nutritional deficiencies and to acquire new metabolic pathways enabling light-independent production of 11-cis retinoids. These processes greatly depend on enzymes that esterify
Connective Tissue – Boundless Anatomy and Physiology
Connective tissue is classified into two subtypes: soft and specialized connective tissue. Major functions of connective tissue include: 1) binding and supporting, 2) protecting, 3) insulating, 4) storing reserve fuel, and 5) transporting substances within the body. Connective tissues can have various levels of vascularity.
Seasonal trends in energy contents and storage substances of
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Avian Leptin: Bird''s-Eye View of the Evolution of Vertebrate Energy
This conclusion emerged based on the recent discovery and characterization of genuine avian leptin - after it had been assumed missing by some, and erroneously identified by others. Critical evaluation of the past and present indications of the role of leptin in Aves provides a new perspective on the evolution of energy-balance control in
Evidence for a vertebrate catapult: elastic energy
Anuran jumping is one of the most powerful accelerations in vertebrate locomotion. Several species are
Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) modulate multiple lipid metabolism
Background Biological and abiotic stresses such as salt, extreme temperatures, and pests and diseases place major constraints on plant growth and crop yields. Fatty acids (FAs) and FA- derivatives are unique biologically active substance that show a wide range of functions in biological systems. They are not only participated in the regulation of energy storage
Energy Storage | Department of Energy
Energy Storage Grand Challenge: OE co-chairs this DOE-wide mechanism to increase America''s global leadership in energy storage by coordinating departmental activities on the development, commercialization, and use of next-generation energy storage technologies.; Long-Duration Energy Storage Earthshot: Establishes a target to, within
Springs, steroids, and slingshots: the roles of enhancers and
Some common mechanisms for enhancing movement include elastic energy storage (e.g., tendons and other materials) in vertebrates and invertebrates, or hormonal changes
Metabolism in Insects
In vertebrates the liver performs these multiple functions. The analogous tissue in insects is the fat body. Fat Body Storage hexamers have been characterized from more than 20 species in six orders, mainly Diptera and Lepidoptera. They reach very high
Cell lineage-guided mass spectrometry reveals increased energy
Molecular understanding of the vertebrate Organizer, a tissue center critical for inductive signaling during gastrulation, has so far been mostly limited to transcripts and a few proteins, the latter due to limitations in detection and sensitivity. The Spemann-Mangold Organizer (SMO) in the South Af
Seasonal Trends in Energy Contents of Storage Substances in
Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Seasonal Trends in Energy Contents of Storage Substances in Evergreen Gymnosperms Growing Under Mild Climatic Conditions in Central Europe" by H. Distelbarth et al. DOI: 10.1016/S0367-2530(17)31412-3 Corpus ID
Quantitative dual-energy CT as a nondestructive tool to identify
This study investigates quantitative DECT for the nondestructive density- and element-based material decomposition of fossilized bones. Specifically, DECT was developed and validated for imaging-based calcium and fluorine quantification in bones of five fossil vertebrates from different geological time periods and of one extant vertebrate.
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