Lightweight Design of an Automotive Battery-Pack Enclosure via Advanced High-Strength Steels and Size Optimization
The battery packs are crucial components of electric vehicles and may severely affect the continue voyage course and vehicle safety. Therefore, design optimization of the battery-pack enclosure (BPE) is critical for enhanced mechanical and crashwrothiness performances. In this study, a lightweight design of an automotive BPE
A fast-charging/discharging and long-term stable artificial
Here, we show that fast charging/discharging, long-term stable and high energy charge-storage properties can be realized in an artificial electrode made from a mixed electronic/ionic conductor
Core–shell structured Li–Fe electrode for high energy and stable
core–shell LiFE incorporates a high Li content core and a low Li content shell; high energy comes from the core and the shell prevents the Li from leakage. The fabricated core–shell
Tuning Fe-spin state of FeN4 structure by axial bonds as efficient catalyst in Li
Optimized geometry structures for the Li 2 S, Li 2 S 4, Li 2 S 6, and Li 2 S 8 on (a) FePc and (b) FePc@WS 2; PDOS of Fe for (c) FePc and (d) FePc@WS 2 before and after Li 2 S 4 dsorption. Among the electrochemical conversion reactions in Li-S batteries, there will be a mass of soluble LPSs intermediates.
Insights for understanding multiscale degradation of LiFePO4
Abstract. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on olivine LiFePO 4 (LFP) offer long cycle/calendar life and good safety, making them one of the dominant batteries in energy storage stations and electric vehicles, especially in China. Yet scientists have a weak understanding of LFP cathode degradation, which restricts the further development
Structural energy storage composites based on etching engineering Fe-doped Co MOF electrode toward high energy
Fig. 3 a shows XRD patterns of Fe-doped Co MOF, e-Fe-doped Co MOF-1 h, and e-Fe-doped Co MOF-4 h, e-Fe-doped Co MOF-6 h. On the basis of the successful preparation of precursor Co MOF ( Fig. S5a ), it can be clearly seen that all samples have diffraction peaks corresponding to the (100), (111), and (211) crystal planes of ZIF-67 (JCPDs PDF#43
Model-Based Design of an Electric Bus Lithium-Ion Battery Pack
Abstract. This study details a framework for an iterative process which is utilized to optimize lithium-ion battery (LIB) pack design. This is accomplished through the homogenization of the lithium-ion cells and modules, the finite element simulation of these homogenized parts, and submodeling. This process enables the user to identify key
Defect structure and holographic storage properties of LiNbO3:Zr:Fe:Cu crystals with various Li
On the other hand, doped Zr 4+ ions reside in Nb Li 4 + sites to form Zr Li 3 +, while Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ and Cu + /Cu 2+ ions reside in normal Li sites producing Fe Li 2 + / Fe Li + and Cu Li + / Cu Li 0. Since all of the polarization values of Zr Li 3 +, Fe Li 2 + / Fe Li +, Cu Li + / Cu Li 0 have weaker effect than intrinsic anti-site Nb Li 4 + defects [ 19,
Lithium-ion battery
Nominal cell voltage. 3.6 / 3.7 / 3.8 / 3.85 V, LiFePO4 3.2 V, Li4Ti5O12 2.3 V. A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are
Effect of Fe doping on the structural and electrochemical performance of Zn@CuO nanostructures for energy storage
2.2. Synthesis of iron zinc copper oxide (Fe@ZnCuO) Tertiary composite Fe@ZnCuO was synthesized by adding 0.1 g of Fe (NO 3) 3.9H 2 O into 0.9 g of ZnCuO composite. The 1 M of tartaric acid (C 4 H 6 O 6, 99%) (7.50435 g) served as a precipitating agent, and 1 M of nitric acid (HNO 3) (0.63 g) served as an oxidizing agent.
Multifunctional composite designs for structural energy storage
The resulting multifunctional energy storage composite structure exhibited enhanced mechanical robustness and stabilized electrochemical performance. It retained 97%–98% of its capacity after 1000 three-point bending fatigue cycles, making it suitable for applications such as energy-storing systems in electric vehicles. 79
Progress on Fe‐Based Polyanionic Oxide Cathodes Materials toward Grid‐Scale Energy Storage
Iron‐based sulfate cathodes of alluaudite Na 2+2 δ Fe 2− δ (SO 4 ) 3 (NFS) in sodium‐ion batteries with low cost, steady cycling performance, and high voltage are promising for grid
Experimental and Simulations Study of Thermal Performance of Cell-to-Pack Structure for a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack
Abstract. A new model for simulating battery temperature changes from the lower surface to the upper surface is proposed. The cell model is established with experimental calibration. Simultaneously, the cell-to-pack (CTP) model is established through experimental benchmarking. In addition, the thermal properties of CTP and an
Regeneration of Fe-Co gel-ball: Designing uniform heterojunction with double N-doped carbon towards high-rate energy-storage
The Fe 2p high-resolution XPS of each sample could be deconvoluted into two doublets (Fe 2p 1/2 and Fe 2p 3/2) at 712.1 and 725.7 eV, corresponding to Fe 2+ and Fe 3+, respectively [3]. Apparently, a small peak located at 706.5 eV was also found in the Fe 2p of P-FCC, which is due to the characteristic peak of FeS 2, matching well with the
Encapsulating ultrafine Fe3O4 nanoparticles into interconnected 3D multiporous carbon for superior Li-ion energy storage
To determine whether the prepared material is the expected Fe 3 O 4 @3D-CC composite with interconnected 3D channel morphology, micromorphology tests were performed, which show in Fig. 2.The SEM of the Na 2 CO 3 template shows a honeycomb-like porous morphology, as shown in Fig. 2 a, due to the decomposition of water vapour
Li‐Ion Batteries: Suppressing Fe–Li Antisite Defects in LiFePO4/Carbon Hybrid Microtube to Enhance the Lithium Ion Storage (Adv. Energy
The low Fe-Li antisite re-sults from the cation confinement by the novel "egg-box" structure in the seaweed-derived sodium alginate template. These LFP/CMT electrodes exhibit superior discharge capacity and outstanding rate capacity for
Guide to LiFePo4 Battery Storage System: Are Batteries Worth
COS (USD/kWh): Total Cost/ Total Cost Total Energy Throughput frac{text{Total Cost}}{text{Total Energy Throughput}} Total Energy Throughput LCOS: 800/6480 ≈ 0.123 USD/kWh The levelized cost of storage for a 100 Ah 12V LiFePO4 battery is approximately $0.123 per kWh, assuming an average battery cost, a 90% depth of discharge, and a
Fe-based metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives for electrochemical energy conversion and storage
MOF-derived Fe-Zn-containing mixed metal sulfide with S-doped carbon hollow microspheres (Fe-Zn-S@S-doped C) composite [141] and carbon cage coated bi-metallic sulfide (Fe 2 Zn 3 S 5 /Fe 1−x S@C) composite with heterogenous structure (as
Mobile energy storage technologies for boosting carbon neutrality
On the anode side, silicon, with abundant resources and an ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 4,200 mAh g −1 that is far beyond the 372 mAh g −1 of traditional graphite, is regarded as a promising choice for LIBs. 51 But the huge volume variation of Si (≈400%) upon Li + insertion/extraction causes severe pulverization and structural
Local Structure Evolution and Modes of Charge Storage in Secondary Li
T1 - Local Structure Evolution and Modes of Charge Storage in Secondary Li–FeS2 Cells AU - Butala, Megan M. AU - Mayo, Martin AU - Doan-nguyen, Vicky V. T. AU - Lumley, Margaret A. AU - Göbel, Claudia AU - Wiaderek, Kamila M. AU - Borkiewicz
Structural and electrochemical properties of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 as a cathode material for flexible lithium-ion batteries and self-charging power pack
Cathode materials with low-cost, environment-friendly, high energy density are critical for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Here, the effects of Fe doping on the structure of LiMnPO 4 (LMP) are investigated by neutron powder diffraction (NPD). The prepared LiMn 0.6 Fe 0.4 PO 4 /carbon (LMFP/C) shows a higher specific capacity of 90 mAh g-1 at a
Micro/nano-structured FeS2 for high energy efficiency rechargeable Li-FeS2 battery
Abstract. FeS 2 is considered as a high capacity electrode materials based on a conversion reaction mechanism, and mainly applied in primary batteries and rechargeable thermal Li-FeS 2 batteries for decades. However, the widely application of FeS 2 in rechargeable battery is still hindered by the low efficiency and poor cycle
Core–shell structured Li–Fe electrode for high energy and stable
To examine whether or not the Li and Fe chemically react to form other phases, PXRD patterns of Fe powder, 13 wt% Li LiFE, 20 wt% Li LiFE, and core–shell LiFE are obtained (). All four samples show sharp peaks around 44.8° and 65.1° representing crystalline Fe phase and a broad peak around 18° representing the amorphous phase Kapton tape used to
Core–shell structured Li–Fe electrode for high energy and stable
To examine whether or not the Li and Fe chemically react to form other phases, PXRD patterns of Fe powder, 13 wt% Li LiFE, 20 wt% Li LiFE, and core–shell LiFE are obtained (Fig. 4a). All four samples show sharp peaks around 44.8° and 65.1° representing crystalline Fe phase and a broad peak around 18° representing the
Core–shell structured Li–Fe electrode for high energy and stable
core–shell LiFE and 20 wt% Li LiFE. Based on the mass of the electrodes, the overall Li content of the core–shell LiFE has been calculated to be 17.2 wt%. In thickness, the core shell electrode. –. is composed of 0.111 mm thick 13 wt% Li LIFE in the top and bottom layers and 0.328 mm thick 20 wt% Li LIFE core layer.
High Li-storage performances of LiMnxFe1-xPO4/C (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2) cathodes derived from spent Li
Mn 2+-doped LiMn x Fe 1-x PO 4 /C powders were firstly prepared from three wastes by FePO 4 process. Optimal 10 % Mn 2+-doping LiFePO 4 /C delivered the best Li-storage performances. Optimal 10 % Mn 2+-doping may be responsible for
Core–shell structured Li–Fe electrode for high energy and stable
The fabricated core–shell structured electrode demonstrates the high energy of 9074 W s, an increase by 1.66 times compared to the low Li content LiFE with
Local Structure Evolution and Modes of Charge Storage in Secondary Li
Similar observations have been seen in the Li/FeS 2 system, where the Fe XAS energy of disordered Fe nanoparticles formed at the end of first discharge differed from that of Fe bulk metal. 33 On
Multifunctional composite designs for structural energy storage
Their energy storage relies on the reversible oxidation–reduction reactions of lithium and the lithium-ion couple (Li/Li +) to store energy. Typically, metal
Olivine LiFePO 4 : the remaining challenges for future
Rechargeable batteries can effectively store electrical energy as chemical energy, and release it when needed, providing a good choice for applications in electric vehicles (EVs). Naturally, safety concerns are the
Local Structure Evolution and Modes of Charge Storage in
In the high potential regime of the second discharge, we propose there is some storage of Li by a host structure by an insertion-extraction mechanism at lower Li content, followed
Redox Engineering of Fe‐Rich Disordered Rock‐Salt Li‐Ion Cathode Materials
For LFNO, concurrent Fe 3+ /Fe 4+ and O 2− /O n− oxidation is observed, with only ≈30% and ≈40% of Fe atoms in the structure found as Fe 4+ at highly delithiated states of x = 1.111 and 1.222 in Li 1.222-x Fe 0.556 Nb 0.222 O 2, respectively (Figure 5c 3+
Structural composite energy storage devices — a review
Abstract. Structural composite energy storage devices (SCESDs) which enable both structural mechanical load bearing (sufficient stiffness and strength) and electrochemical energy storage (adequate capacity) have been developing rapidly in the past two decades. The capabilities of SCESDs to function as both structural elements and
Recent advances on core-shell metal-organic frameworks for energy storage
Among several applications of core–shell MOFs (energy storage, water splitting, sensing, nanoreactors, etc.), their application for energy storage devices will be meticulously reviewed. CSMOFs for supercapacitors and different batteries (Li-S, Li-ion, Na- ions, Li-O 2, KIBs, Li-Se, etc.) will be discussed.
Tuning the MOF-derived Fe fillers and crystal structure of PVDF composites for enhancement of their energy storage
3.2.Modulating the ε r of the MF/PVDF compositesTo investigate the effect of MF particles on the energy storage properties of composite dielectrics, the electrical properties of the obtained MF/PVDF composites are characterized and analyzed. The ε r of MF/PVDF composites increase with the addition of MF contents (Fig. 2 a).
Transition-Metal (Fe, Co, Ni) Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Z. Li et al. fabricated Fe 2 O 3 @ Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and ZnO@PAN [154] composite nanofibers using an electrospinning technique followed by subsequent pyrolysis of the precursor film, they
Insight of the evolution of structure and energy storage
The value on Fe 3 Co 3 Ni 3 Cr 3 Mn 3 /Li 2 O (111) (13.22 eV) is much higher than Fe 15 /Li 2 O (5.78 eV) in the absorption of the reactant. Therefore, the reactant prefers to be adsorbed on Fe 3 Co 3 Ni 3 Cr 3 Mn 3 /Li 2
Battery Pack and Underbody: Integration in the Structure Design
The evolution toward electric vehicle nowadays appears to be the main stream in the automotive and transportation industry. In this paper, our attention is focused on the architectural modifications that should be introduced into the car body to give a proper location to the battery pack. The required battery pack is a big, heavy, and expensive
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